Pheromone 3kPZS evokes context‐dependent serotonin sexual dimorphism in the brain of the sea lamprey (<i>Petromyzon marinus</i>)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Mature male sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) release a sex pheromone, 3-keto-petromyzonol sulfate (3kPZS), that induces sexually dimorphic behavioral responses in conspecifics. However, the neural mechanism of such responses is mostly unknown. We examined the neurotransmitter serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) and the expression of 5-HT1A receptors in the forebrain and brainstem of sea lamprey exposed to the vehicle (0.91 ppm methanol) or 10(-10) M 3kPZS for 2 h using high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry, immunohistochemistry and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Exposure to 3kPZS for 2 h increased 5-HT concentration in the forebrain of adult females, whereas 5-HT was not detected in the forebrain of adult males. On the contrary, 3kPZS exposure decreased 5-HT concentration in the brainstem of adult females and had no effect in adult males. Pheromone exposure evoked context-dependent sexual dimorphism in brain 5-HT1A receptor immunoreactivity, but had no effect on 5-HT1A mRNA concentrations in the brain with 2 h exposure time. It appears that in sea lamprey pheromone 3kPZS affects the 5-HT system in the brain in a context-dependent, sexually dimorphic manner.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".