Response of Native and Naturalized Fish to Salmonid Cage Culture Farms in Northern Lake Huron, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Cage culture of salmonids has expanded into the northern Great Lakes in recent decades, but the effects of this industry on native and naturalized freshwater fish communities have yet to be fully explored. We compared the relative abundance, community composition, and stable isotope composition of wild fish and selected macroinvertebrates between cage and reference sites in the Manitoulin Island region of northern Lake Huron to test the proposition that cage culture operations have altered their distributions and trophic ecologies. Catch per unit effort was higher at cage sites than at reference sites for both small‐ and large‐bodied fishes, but not for crayfish. Species composition varied significantly between cage and reference sites for the small‐fish assemblage but not for the large‐fish assemblage. The stable isotope ratios (δ13C, δ15N, and δ34S) of dreissenid mussels, crayfish (family Cambaridae), and four species of small‐bodied fish did not differ greatly between the cage and reference sites, suggesting that the direct consumption of farm waste is limited. However, the overlap in isotopic signatures between farm waste and wild biota was considerable. Salmonid cage farms in northern Lake Huron are an attractant to many species of wild fish, but it is not clear how the waste from these farms enters the local food web.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".