Extreme Sea Surge Responses to Climate Variability in Coastal British Columbia, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article presents a statistical investigation of the spatial and temporal changes of extreme sea surges in response to climate variability in coastal British Columbia. The study was based on an investigation of in situ hourly tide gauge data spanning the interval from 1950 to 2007 at eleven tide gauges in the region. The characteristics of the recorded extreme sea surges were parametrically modeled by the generalized extreme value distribution while accounting for trends and dependence via climate covariate coefficients. The study confirms that decadal to interdecadal climatic variability is a fundamental element in explaining the changing frequency and intensity of sea surges in coastal British Columbia. For instance, the sea-surge response to climate variability impacts on sites along the British Columbia coast were found to be fairly synchronous with an increase (decrease) in the magnitude of extreme sea surges in response to warm (cold) El Niño/La Niña-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) conditions. These trends make the flooding risks even higher during warm ENSO conditions, especially if the global sea levels continue to rise as predicted by climate models.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".