Possible Corotation of the Milliarcsecond Radio Structure of the Close Binary HR 1099
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We present the first VLBI images of the RS CVn binary star HR 1099 (=V711 Tauri, HD 22468) obtained from observations at 8.4 GHz in 1996 May and September made in support of the NASA/Stanford Gravity Probe B project.The first set of observations was made during a decay stage of a flare event.The second set of observations was made during a quiescent period.The detected emission region for the active epoch had an estimated major-axis length (FWHM) of 2:7 Æ 0:2 mas.This region consisted of a halo and two superimposed compact condensations that were oriented approximately east-west.The centers of the compact condensations were separated by 1:7 Æ 0:1 mas.Compared to the $1.3 mas separation on the sky at this epoch of the centers of the stellar components of the binary, the observed separation of the condensations differs by only 0.4 mas, which is less than the $0.6 mas angular radius of the larger component.During the observations, the compact western condensation rotated north-northwestward by 24 Æ 4 , or by 0:7 Æ 0:1 mas, relative to the eastern condensation.We speculate that (1) either both condensations originate from the corona of the larger stellar component or one condensation is close to the surface of each of the two stellar components of the binary and (2) the relative rotation of the two condensations is a consequence of the rotation of the binary system.We speculate further that the halo is a consequence of flare-energized electrons confined by the magnetosphere of the larger stellar component or by the combined magnetospheres of the two stellar components.Our quiescent epoch, in contrast, was characterized by a single emission region with a major axis estimated to be 1:7 Æ 0:1 mas (FWHM).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".