Co-silencing of Birc5 (survivin) and Hspa5 (Grp78) induces apoptosis in hepatoma cells more efficiently than single gene interference
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Birc5 (previously known as survivin) is a cancer-specific protein. Due to the upregulation of its expression in various human malignancies and its key role in apoptosis, proliferation and angiogenesis, Birc5 has attracted attention as a target for anticancer therapies. In this study, when Birc5 was silenced in HepG2 cells, 29.7±3.3% cells underwent apoptosis as expected. It was found that the expression levels of glucose-regulated protein 78 (Hspa5, previously known as Grp78) was increased by almost 3-fold in Birc5-silenced HepG2 cells. Hspa5, a master regulator of the anti-apoptotic unfolded protein response signalling network, can also promote tumor proliferation, survival and metastasis. Hence, we hypothesized that the co-silencing of Birc5 and Hspa5 may exert a stronger apoptosis-inducing effect than single gene interference. To verify this, the expression levels of Birc5 and Hspa5 in human hepatocellular carcinoma tissues were determined. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the expression of Birc5 and Hspa5 was elevated in 28 out of 31 samples. Additionally, plasmid-based siRNA against Birc5 and/or Hspa5 were constructed and transfected into the human hepatocellular liver carcinoma cell line, HepG2. Compared with the HepG2 cells, in which Birc5 or Hspa5 were silenced alone, only 44.2±3.4% of the co-silenced cells proliferated, and 40.3±3.7% co-silenced cells underwent apoptosis (p<0.05). Furthermore, tumor formation from inoculated subcutaneous co-silenced cells in nude mice was inhibited significantly. The current study suggests that Birc5 and Hspa5 could be important survival factors for hepatoma carcinoma cells and that the simultaneous knockdown of Birc5 and Hspa5 is more effective in inducing apoptosis in HepG2 cells than the knockdown of Birc5 or Hspa5 alone. The co-silencing of Birc5 and Hspa5 could be warranted for cancer therapy.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".