Mouvements sociaux et opportunités politiques : les lesbiennes et les gais et l'ajout de l'orientation sexuelle à la Charte québécoise des droits et libertés
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Résumé.En décembre 1977, le gouvernement du Québec, formé par le parti québécois (PQ), modifiait la Charte des droits et libertés de la personne pour y ajouter l'orientation sexuelle comme motif illicite de discrimination, devenant ainsi le premièr gouvernement en Amérique du Nord à interdire la discrimination pour cause d'orientation sexuelle. Le présent texte analyse les raisons pour lesquelles le gouvernement du PQ a agi avec autant d'avant-gardisme en cette matière. Il repose sur l'argument suivant lequel le mouvement des lesbiennes et des gais au Québec a bénéficié d'une conjoncture favorable, tissée d'opportunités de nature politique et culturelle, afin de décrocher une protection de l'État contre la discrimination. Abstract.In December 1977, the Quebec government, formed by the Parti Québécois (PQ), amended the Quebec Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms to include sexual orientation as a prohibited ground for discrimination. Quebec thus became the first jurisdiction in North America to prohibit discrimination on the basis of one's sexual orientation. This paper examines the reasons why the PQ government was ahead of everybody else in this matter. It argues that the Quebec lesbian and gay movement benefited from a coincidence of political and cultural opportunities that played in its favor in order to secure legal protection against discrimination.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.010 | 0.010 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.010 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".