On the transition between distributed and isolated surface roughness and its effect on the stability of channel flow
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The question of whether a system of roughness elements has to be viewed either as a distributed roughness or a set of individual, hydrodynamically independent roughness elements has been considered. The answer has been given in the context of definition of hydraulic smoothness proposed by Floryan [Eur. J. Mech. B/Fluids 26, 305 (2007)] where a roughness system that cannot destabilize the flow is viewed as hydraulically inactive. Linear stability characteristics have been traced from the distributed to the isolated roughness limits. It has been shown that an increase of distance between roughness elements very quickly stabilizes disturbances in the form of streamwise vortices; however, roughness elements placed quite far apart are able to affect evolution of disturbances in the form of traveling waves. Transition from the distributed to the isolated roughness limit is achieved much faster in the case of roughness elements in the form of “trenches” forming depressions below the reference surface than in the case of roughness elements in the form of “ridges” protruding above the reference surface.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it