Exploring production-perception relationships for 4-year-old children: A study of compensation strategies to a lip-tube perturbation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The relationships between production and perception for 4-year-old children were examined through a study of compensation strategies to a lip-tube perturbation. Acoustic and perceptual analyses of the rounded vowel [u] produced by 12 4-year-old French speakers were conducted under two conditions: in normal condition and with a 15-mm-diam tube inserted between the lips. Recordings of isolated vowels were made in normal condition before any perturbation (N1), immediately upon insertion of the tube (P1), for each of the next 20 trials in this perturbed condition (P2), and in normal condition after the perturbed trials (N2). Results of the acoustic analyses reveal speaker-dependent alteration of F1, F2, and/or F0 in the perturbed conditions and after the removal of the tube. For some subjects, the tube introduced very little changes; for some others, an increase of F2 was observed in P1, which was generally at least partly compensated during the P2 repetitions. Perceptual data are used to determine optimal combinations of F0, F1, and F2 (in bark) related to these patterns. The data are compared to a previous study conducted with adults [Savariaux et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 106, 381–393 (1999)].
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".