Reconstructing<i>Emporia lockardii</i>(Voltziales: Emporiaceae) and Initial Thoughts on Paleozoic Conifer Ecology
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A new plant concept for the extinct conifer species Emporia lockardii (Mapes & Rothwell) Mapes & Rothwell (Emporiaceae) is developed from fossils collected at the Late Pennsylvanian Hamilton Quarry, Kansas. Emporia lockardii has lateral plagiotropic branches with simple and forked leaves, simple pollen cones, and compound ovulate cones. Stems have an endarch eustele with dense wood surrounding a septate pith. Leaves display position‐dependent heterophylly with forked leaves on penultimate shoots and simple leaves on ultimate shoots. All leaves are amphistomatic with two stomatal bands and papillate epidermal cells on the adaxial surface and two basal stomatal bands and numerous trichome bases on the abaxial surface. Pollen cones are simple and have helically arranged microsporophylls and adaxial pollen sacs. Prepollen is monolete and monosaccate, and it conforms to the sporae dispersae genus Potonieisporites Bharadwaj. Ovulate cones are compound with helically arranged, forked bracts that subtend bilaterally symmetrical, axillary dwarf shoots with one to three narrow megasporophylls interspersed among numerous sterile scales. Ovules are terminal, inverted, and bilaterally symmetrical. This new reconstruction together with additional conifer reconstructions from the Hamilton Quarry locality indicate that the genus Emporia has a particularly high species diversity for walchian conifers. These findings support previous hypotheses that propose drier habitats as sites for the first appearances of plants that become dominant during the late Permian and Mesozoic.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".