Bibliographic record
Abstract
Rotary sonar images of the seafloor during SandyDuck97 are used to investigate the geometry of the cross‐rippled bed state relative to the directional properties of the incident waves. The sonar imagery indicates that the cross‐ripple pattern is a quasi‐regular diamond‐shaped lattice constructed of variable length ladder‐like tiles, each with shorter‐wavelength ripples residing within the troughs of the longer‐wavelength component. The longer‐wavelength crests were oriented at approximately ±30° with respect to the incident wave direction. Most wave directional spectra were not bimodal in direction and, for the small number (17%) which were, the distribution of the angular separations of the two peaks was very broad and indicated no preferred value. Thus, contrary to some previous suggestions in the literature, these results indicate not only that cross ripples do not require waves propagating from two different directions for their formation but also that for most of the occurrences during this experiment, cross ripples formed when the incident wave field was unimodal in direction. Finally, the orientation angles of the long‐crested ripple components exhibit no dependence on mean current velocity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".