I-smooth for improved minimum classification error training
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Increasing the generalization capability of Discriminative Training (DT) of Hidden Markov Models (HMM) has recently gained an increased interest within the speech recognition field. In particular, achieving such increases with only minor modifications to the existing DT method is of significant practical importance. In this paper, we propose a solution for increasing the generalization capability of a widely-used training method - the Minimum Classification Error (MCE) training of HMM - with limited changes to its original framework. For this, we define boundary data - obtained by applying a large steep parameter, and confusion data - obtained by applying a small steep parameter on the training samples, and then do a soft interpolation between these according to the number points of occupancies of boundary data and the number points ratio between the boundary and the confusion occupancies. The final HMM parameters are then tuned in the same manner as in MCE by using the interpolated boundary data. We show that the proposed method achieves lower error rates than a standard HMM training framework on a phoneme classification task for the TIMIT speech corpus.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.009 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".