Reliability measures for pile foundations based on cone penetration test data
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The in situ behaviour of pile foundations is considerably influenced by variability in soil properties. Cone penetration (CPT) data are often used to determine the pile ultimate capacity. A wider range of values of the ultimate capacity are predicted when different CPT-based methods are used, as compared to using pile load test results. The present study considers inherent soil variability, measurement, and transformation variability. The undrained shear strength obtained from CPT data is considered to be a random variable. An approach to obtain load–settlement curves and the associated statistics from CPT data is suggested. Component reliability indices, based on ultimate limit state (ULS) and serviceability limit state (SLS) criteria, and system reliability indices combining ULS and SLS are evaluated. The variability in the pile–soil interface parameters and pile ultimate capacity is quantified in a Monte Carlo framework using the measured data. The effects of variability, scale of fluctuation, and limiting serviceability settlement on the reliability of pile foundations are also examined. A geotechnical database from the Konaseema site in India is utilized as an example. It is shown that the reliability based design of pile foundations considering spatial variability of soil, along with the variables associated with pile–soil interface properties, enables a rational choice of design loads.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it