Meniscal Measurements of T1<sub>ρ</sub>and T2 at MR Imaging in Healthy Subjects and Patients with Osteoarthritis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: To prospectively evaluate differences in T1(rho) (T1 relaxation time in the rotating frame) and T2 values in the meniscus at magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in both patients with varying degrees of osteoarthritis (OA) and healthy control subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was institutional review board approved and HIPAA compliant. Written informed consent was obtained from all subjects. T1(rho) and T2 measurements were performed at 3.0-T MR imaging in 60 subjects deemed to be healthy (n = 23; mean age, 34.1 years +/- 10.0 [standard deviation]; age range, 23-59 years), having mild OA (n = 27; mean age, 52.5 years +/- 10.9; age range, 32-69 years), or having severe OA (n = 10; mean age, 61.6 years +/- 11.6; age range, 50-86 years). Semiautomatic segmentation was performed to generate T1(rho) and T2 maps of the menisci. Clinical findings were assessed by using Western Ontario and McMaster Osteoarthritis (WOMAC) questionnaires. Differences in T1(rho) and T2 values between the three subject groups were calculated by using two-tailed t tests (with P < .05 indicating significance), and receiver operating characteristic analyses were performed. Correlations of meniscal T1(rho) and T2 values with age, cartilage-derived T1(rho) and T2 parameters, and WOMAC scores were calculated. RESULTS: Significant differences between the three subject groups were found: Mean T1(rho) values were 14.7 msec +/- 5.5, 16.1 msec +/- 6.6, and 19.3 msec +/- 7.6 for the healthy, mild OA, and severe OA groups, respectively. Mean T2 values were 11.4 msec +/- 3.9, 13.5 msec +/- 4.7, and 16.6 msec +/- 8.2 for the healthy, mild OA, and severe OA groups, respectively. Correlations of meniscal T1(rho) and T2 values with subject age (R(2) = 0.18, for correlation with T2 only), cartilage-derived parameters (R(2) = 0.14-0.29), and WOMAC scores (R(2) = 0.11-0.45) were significant. CONCLUSION: Meniscal T1(rho) and T2 values correlate with clinical findings of OA and can be used to differentiate healthy subjects from patients with mild or severe OA.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".