A Configurable Multi-Rail Power and I/O Pad Applied to Wafer-Scale Systems
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We propose in this paper a novel configurable multi-power-rail pad that combines power supply support circuits and a digital input/output (I/O) buffers designed for a wafer-scale system. This wafer-scale platform includes a reconfigurable wafer-scale circuit, the WaferIC, comprising an alignment-insensitive surface that can be configured to interconnect any digital components manually deposited on its surface. The proposed multi-power-rail pad minimizes power losses and heat dissipation within the circuit. The pad that is fed from two distinct voltage sources providing power at 1.8 and 3.3 V has been implemented and tested. This pad has two merged configurable control loops that can select the power source. Merging takes place through shared transistors. This dual supply pad embeds a voltage regulator that achieves a fast response time of 21.1 ns and that can operate over a wide range of configurable regulated output voltage, from 500 mV up to 2.955 V. This regulator is capable of providing a maximum output current of 40 mA while needing only a very small quiescent current of 126 μA. The regulator's power supply noise rejection ranges from -25 down to -40 dB for frequencies ranging from 1 kHz up to 1 MHz. The embedded digital I/O pad shares a common output with the power distribution and can be configured from 0.5 up to 3.3 V for a maximum speed of 250 MHz.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".