Mexican American Grandparents Raising Grandchildren: Findings from the Census 2000 American Community Survey
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Using nationally representative data from the Census 2000 Supplementary Survey/ American Community Survey, this article documents the profile of the estimated 177,000 Mexican American grandparents aged 45 and older who were raising their grandchildren in 2000. One in 20 Mexican Americans was raising a grandchild, a proportion four times higher than that of non-Hispanic Whites. When compared with their non-caregiving Mexican American peers, grandparent caregivers had higher rates of poverty (30% vs. 15%) and overcrowding (38% vs. 19%). Only a small minority of grandparent caregivers living in poverty used public assistance or food stamps. Further, our hypothesis that grandparents raising grandchildren were less acculturated than noncaregivers was not supported by the data. Implications for social work practice, policy, and research are presented.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.010 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".