Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this paper we evaluate the dynamic inconsistency argument put forth by Kydland and Prescott (1977) and Barro and Gordon (1983) as an explanation for differences in the average inflation experience across OECD countries. The focus is on the empirical evidence relating the overall degree of competition among firms, as measured by the markup of price over marginal cost, and inflation over the 1973–88 period. The prediction is that higher markups raise the monetary authority's incentive to increase output, leading to higher equilibrium rates of inflation. We find that the markup does well in explaining cross‐country differences in average inflation. JEL Classification: E31, E58, D43 L'écart du prix par rapport au coût marginal et l'inflation: résultats pour les pays de l'OCDE. Ce mémoire examine l'argument mis de l'avant par Kydland et Prescott (1977) et Barro et Gordon (1983) pour expliquer les différences dans le taux moyen d'inflation entre les pays de l'OCDE. On porte une attention spéciale aux résultats empiriques qui relient le degré général de concurrence entre les entreprises, mesuré par l'écart du prix par rapport au coût marginal, et le niveau d'inflation entre 1973 et 1988. La prédiction est que des écarts prix/coût marginal plus élevés augmentent l'incitation des autorités monétaires à accroître le niveau de production, ce qui entraîne des taux d'inflation d'équilibre plus élevés. Il s'avère que l'écart du prix par rapport au coût marginal tend à expliquer bien les différences dans le niveau moyen d'inflation entre pays.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".