State-of-the-art in the management of locally advanced and metastatic gallbladder cancer
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Gallbladder carcinoma (GBC), classified as a biliary tract cancer (BTC) along with intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas, is a rare disease in Western countries, but a highly prevalent disease in Chile, other countries in Latin America, India and Japan. It commonly presents at an advanced stage, and has limited therapeutic options. Cisplatin/gemcitabine has emerged as the first-line standard of care for patients with advanced BTCs, but the prognosis remains poor. Development of molecularly targeted therapies in advanced BTC remains challenging. RECENT FINDINGS: Comprehension of the molecular events in gallbladder carcinogenesis may provide a novel targeted therapeutic approach, and early stage clinical trials with targeted therapies appear promising, although the relationship between subsets of patients with positive responses to therapy and tumor genetics requires further exploration. Recent developments in targeted therapeutics, directed against several key signalling pathways in BTC, including epidermal growth factor receptor, angiogenesis, and the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway will be discussed, in addition to the potential application of prognostic factors and markers. SUMMARY: The future therapeutic spectrum for BTC and GBC will likely encompass novel combinations of targeted therapies with cytostatics in scientifically and molecularly directed schedules, thus permitting fewer mechanisms of escape for tumor cells.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it