Sex Differences in Exercise Metabolism and the Role of 17-Beta Estradiol
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Women oxidize more lipid and less carbohydrate and protein compared with men during endurance exercise. The increase in fat oxidation is associated with higher intramyocellular lipid content and use as well as greater adipocyte lipolysis. Glucose rates of appearance and disappearance are lower for women than for men, with no change in basal muscle glycogen, and some evidence for muscle glycogen sparing during endurance exercise. Women oxidize less protein compared with men and show lower leucine oxidation during exercise. The consistent and robust finding of higher mRNA abundance for most components of fat-oxidation pathways in women compared with men is directionally consistent with the substrate-oxidation data. A lack of directional consistency between mRNA species involved in carbohydrate and protein metabolism and the known sex differences during exercise implies that fat oxidation is regulated and that carbohydrate and protein oxidation follow by metabolic demand. Administration of 17-beta-estradiol to men recapitulates most of the described sex differences in metabolism and mRNA content. The greater fat oxidation for women during submaximal endurance exercise compared with men seems to occur partly through a sex hormone-mediated enhancement of lipid-oxidation pathways.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it