Peri‐Incisional Botulinum Toxin for Chronic Postcraniotomy Headache After Traumatic Brain Injury: A Case Series
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) has been used successfully to treat primary headache syndromes, but there are no published data on its use for chronic postcraniotomy headache. Botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT-A) (4:1 dilution) was injected at a dose of 15-50 units into peri-incisional sites of the scalp in 3 patients who had undergone craniotomy remotely for traumatic epidural hematoma. All patients reported reductions in headache lasting at least 2.5 months. Repeat injections were performed in all cases with favorable outcomes. There were no complications. Peri-incisional BoNT-A appears to be a potentially valuable tool in the chronic management of post craniotomy headache after traumatic brain injury.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".