Testing of Steel Pipes Under Bending, Twist, and Shear
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Plastic interaction relationships for pipes subjected to biaxial bending, biaxial shear, torsion, axial force, and internal/external pressure were recently developed. This paper reports a full-scale experimental program that consists of six tests aimed at verifying the validity of the interaction relationships under loads that induce shear force, bending, and twisting moments. The pipe configurations in the postbuckling range of deformation are observed and documented. The peak loads obtained in the experiments agree very well with analytical predictions. Based on the experimental results obtained in this study and on other complementary experiments previously conducted, it is proposed that the interaction relationships be adopted in the design of elevated stocky steel pipes. An example is provided in order to illustrate the applicability of interaction relationships in a practical design problem.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it