Diffusion Limited Chain Transfer in Styrene Emulsion Polymerization: Use of n‐Dodecanethiol to Regulate Molecular Weight
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Low volatility chain transfer agents such as n‐dodecanethiol (n‐DDT) are important for controlling molecular weight in the production of polymers containing styrene. The high reactivity of n‐DDT towards the styrenic radical, coupled with its low solubility in the aqueous phase, often leads to conditions of diffusion limited chain transfer in which the transport rate of n‐DDT from the monomer droplets to the polymerizing particles is inadequate to maintain equilibrium concentration in the particles. The extent to which the particles are “starved” of n‐DDT has been studied by measuring n‐DDT consumption and molecular weight during styrene emulsion polymerizations. Varying surfactant and/or initiator concentration is shown to alter the n‐DDT consumption and the molecular weight profiles. The two‐film diffusion theory was applied to our data using monomer droplet and polymer particle measurements. Experimental data and theoretical considerations support the existence of monomer droplets beyond the expected end of Interval II for styrene emulsion polymerization.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it