Pair breaking versus symmetry breaking: Origin of the Raman modes in superconducting cuprates
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We performed Raman scattering experiments on superconductivity-induced features in ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}({\mathrm{Ca}}_{1\ensuremath{-}\mathit{x}}{\mathrm{Y}}_{\mathit{x}}){\mathrm{Cu}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{8+\ensuremath{\delta}}$ (Bi-2212), ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{6+\mathit{x}}$ (Y-123), and ${\mathrm{Tl}}_{2}{\mathrm{Ba}}_{2}\mathrm{Cu}{\mathrm{O}}_{6+\ensuremath{\delta}}$ (Tl-2201) single crystals. The results in combination with earlier ones enable us to systematically analyze the spectral features in the doping range $0.07\ensuremath{\leqslant}p\ensuremath{\leqslant}0.24$. In ${B}_{2g}$ ($xy$) symmetry, we find universal spectra and the maximal gap energy ${\ensuremath{\Delta}}_{0}$ to scale with the superconducting transition temperature ${T}_{c}$. The ${B}_{1g}$ (${x}^{2}\ensuremath{-}{y}^{2}$) spectra in all three compounds show an anomalous increase of the intensity toward overdoping. The energy scale of the corresponding peak is neither related to the pairing energy nor to the pseudogap, but possibly stems from a symmetry breaking transition at the onset point of superconductivity at ${p}_{\mathrm{sc}2}\ensuremath{\simeq}0.27$.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".