Neoangiogenesis in human astrocytomas expression and functional role of angiopoietins and their cognate receptors
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Since the introduction of the concept of an "angiogenic switch" driving tumor growth and malignant progression by Judah Folkman in 1971, there have been numerous scientific reports confirming the central concept that tumor growth is angiogenesis dependent. Various angiogenic genes and gene products, from both neoplastic and normal tissues, have been isolated, purified, and cloned that contribute to the 'angiogenic switch'. Of these various molecules, two have been identified that act specifically on endothelial cells. First is Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), the cognate receptors of which are almost specifically expressed on endothelial cells. VEGF plays a crucial role in the development of the embryonic vasculature by providing differentiation and mitogenic signals to endothelial cells and their mesodermal precursors. Second are the Angiopoietins and their cognate receptor, Tie2. Angiopoietins are primarily involved in maturation of both embryonal and adult vasculature, with Angiopoietin 1 2 being naturally occurring agonists and antagonists of Tie2 respectively, indicating a very precise level of regulation in-vivo. In this review we summarize what is known of the biological role of Angiopoietins and Tie2, their interaction with VEGF in normal and tumor related angiogenesis, with emphasis on their functional consequence in the progression and growth of malignant human astrocytomas.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".