Measurement of the differences in electrophoretic mobilities of individual molecules of <i>E. coli</i> β‐galactosidase provides insight into structural differences which underlie enzyme microheterogeneity
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The electrophoretic mobility and catalytic activity of individual molecules of Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase were measured using CE-LIF detection. Both the mobility and activity were reproducible for each molecule but differed between individual molecules. Assays were performed using uncoated capillaries and capillaries coated with different polymers, using enzymes from different sources and by three different experimental protocols. In all cases the observed ranges in electrophoretic mobilities were similar. The observed range in the electrophoretic mobility may be explained by structural microheterogeneity resulting in a gain or loss of up to 1.6 suppressed charge units. There was no observed relationship between the observed activities and electrophoretic mobilities. If the finding that individual beta-galactosidase molecules have heterogeneous electrophoretic mobility can be extended to other proteins, this may limit the resolution possible for capillary zone electrophoresis protein separations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".