Ketones and brain function: Possible link to polyunsaturated fatty acids and availability of a new brain PET tracer, <sup>11</sup>C‐acetoacetate
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Changes in the metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), both in children on the high fat ketogenic diet (KD) for seizure control and in rats on a KD enriched in PUFA, raise the possibility that increased brain arachidonic acid (ARA) and/or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) may contribute to better seizure control. Our studies with PUFA and several other reports raise the question of whether persistent ketonemia or elevated brain uptake of ketones are strictly necessary for the clinical effectiveness of the KD in intractable epilepsy. To address this question, we have developed the synthesis of carbon-11 labeled acetoacetate ((11)C-AcAc) for PET studies to investigate brain ketone uptake directly in humans and animals. In rats on the KD for 10 days, (11)C-AcAc uptake by the brain increased 7- to 8-fold, an increase similar to that induced by 48 h fasting. In rats and humans, paired PET scans ((11)C-AcAc followed immediately by(18)fluorodeoxyglucose) will be conducted to assess the uptake of AcAc and glucose by the brain while on the KD and in neurological disorders associated with aging.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".