Relationship of plasma amphetamine levels to physiological, subjective, cognitive and biochemical measures in healthy volunteers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Acute administration of the stimulant dextro-amphetamine produces multiple physiological, subjective cognitive and biochemical changes. These effects are similar to those seen in mania, and may be a useful model for mania. The aim of the present study was more fully to determine the multiple effects of dextro-amphetamine and to relate these to changes in plasma levels of the drug. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study in 25 healthy volunteers (ages 18-45), the effects of 25 mg of oral dextro-amphetamine were examined. Physiological, subjective, cognitive changes, concentrations of amino acids and metabolites of biogenic amines period were related to changes in plasma amphetamine concentrations over 500 min. Peak concentrations of dextro-amphetamine occurred at 2.5-3.5 h post-administration and levels decreased to 75% of peak value after 500 min. The results from the present study indicate that the subjective psychological, cognitive and blood pressure changes frequently did not mirror the time course of plasma levels of the drug. Thus, there was no clear-cut relationship between plasma levels and effects. In addition, dextro-amphetamine caused no significant changes in amino acids or amino metabolite concentrations. In conclusion, while dextro-amphetamine administration definitely causes several changes which are seen in mania, there remain some physiological and metabolic differences between these two conditions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".