Ectopic Firing due to Artificial Venous Stasis in Rat Lumbar Spinal Canal Stenosis Model
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In Brief Study Design. An electrophysiologic analysis was performed on a chronic lumbar spinal stenosis model of rats. The effects of venous stasis on ectopic firing originating in the nerve root were investigated. Objectives. To elucidate the mechanisms of neurogenic intermittent claudication in lumbar spinal canal stenosis. Summary of Background Data. Neurogenic intermittent claudication has been known as a characteristic symptom of lumbar spinal canal stenosis (LSCS), but the pathogenesis is poorly understood. Venous stasis of cauda equina has been speculated as a possible factor in the development of symptoms of the lower extremities while walking. On the other hand, ectopic firing originating in the dorsal root ganglia is thought to play an important role in the development of radicular pain or abnormal sensation. However, a direct association between venous stasis and ectopic firing has been never demonstrated. Methods. Using 10 Wistar rats, the LSCS group was prepared by inserting two silicone strips into the L3 and L5 dorsal epidural spaces. Another 10 animals were treated without silicone insertion as a sham group. Fourteen days later, the ectopic firing originating in the L5 nerve root was antidromically recorded from the distal stump of the severed sural nerve. After recording initial spontaneous firing, the posterior vena cava was clamped for 60 seconds to simulate a transient venous stasis and the changes in firing were analyzed. Results. None of the animals in the sham group showed a significant change in firing due to venous stasis. In contrast, most animals in the LSCS group showed a marked increase in firing during the venous stasis with some latency and then returned to the initial firing state after the release of the clamp. This phenomenon was repeated as long as the animals were maintained. Conclusions. We demonstrated that ectopic firing was elicited by venous stasis only in the LSCS animals. Therefore, the venous stasis may be a major factor of neurogenic intermittent claudication. The present study investigated the role of venous stasis of cauda equina in the pathogenesis of intermittent claudication. Using a lumbar spinal stenosis model of rat, it was revealed that ectopic firing of nerve roots is elicited by artificial venous stasis. This phenomenon was seen only in rats with lumbar canal stenosis and could be reproduced many times. From the results, venous stasis was considered to be an important factor of intermittent claudication.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".