Modeling Shrinkage Response to Tensile Stresses in Wood Drying II. Stress–Shrinkage Correlation in Restrained Specimens
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article reports on the effect of tensile stresses, temperature, and target moisture content on shrinkage behavior of short and thin Western hemlock specimens as part of a series of papers dealing with these issues. All tests were performed perpendicular to fiber grain while drying at 40, 60, and 80°C to 17, 11, and 5% final moisture contents at each temperature. Four matched specimens were subjected to different restraints during each drying experiment, namely, zero restraint (free shrinkage), two static restraints of 3 and 6 daN and a dynamic restraint controlled by the drying process. The resulting shrinkage was measured by pairs of resistive transducers located on the middle part of each specimen. Shrinkage percentages, obtained after the tensile stress was released and all the viscoelastic strain recovered, were proven to be a strong function of stress value, moisture, and temperature. The analytical fit yielded high coefficients of determination (R 2 = 0.83–0.85, p < 0.05) for both structural directions tangential and radial, respectively.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".