Broadband dielectric properties of multiwalled carbon nanotube/polystyrene composites
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study investigates the dielectric properties of multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)/polystyrene (PS) composites over the broadband frequency range, i.e., 10−1 to 106 Hz. The results showed that the real permittivity and imaginary permittivity increased remarkably with increased MWCNT concentration. For instance, at 100 Hz, the real permittivity and imaginary permittivity of the pristine PS was 2.71 and 0.01, respectively, which increased to 5.22 × 104 and 3.28 × 107 at 3.50 wt%, respectively. The increase in the real permittivity was related to the formation of a large number of nanocapacitor structures, i.e., MWCNTs as nanoelectrodes and polymer matrix as dielectric material, i.e., interfacial polarization. The increase in the imaginary permittivity with MWCNT loading was attributed greater number of dissipating charges, enhanced conductive network formation, and boosted polarization loss arising from interfacial polarization. It was also observed that the real and imaginary permittivities were frequency independent in the insulative region, whereas they decreased drastically with frequency in the conductive region. The descending trend of real permittivity with frequency in the conductive region was related to charge polarization relaxation, whereas the reduction in imaginary permittivity with frequency was attributed to lower Ohmic loss and polarization loss. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 55:173–179, 2015. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".