Cytoprotection Against Apoptosis Following An Acute Bout Of Exertional Heat Stress
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Inducible heat shock protein (HSP) 72 expression in circulating CD14+ monocytes has been found to protect against heat induced cellular apoptosis during exhaustive heat stress. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine whether the cytoprotective effects seen during exhaustive heat stress impact intracellular HSP72 expression and cellular apoptosis upon subsequent exposures to in vitro heat shock. METHODS: Six untrained men (VO2peak= 42 ± 1 mL·kg·mm1) walked at 4.5 km-h1 with 2% elevation in a climatic chamber (40°C; 30% R.H.) wearing military biological and chemical protective clothing until exhaustion when rectal temperature was 39.07 ± 0.11 °C. Venous blood samples were collected at baseline (prior to heat stress), 24hr and 1-week post exposure. Baseline whole blood was analyzed immediately by flow cytometry for spontaneous HSP72 and Annexin-V immunofluorecence staining in CD14+monocytes. Similar analyses were performed at each sampling point following in vitro heat shock (42°C, 2 hr). RESULTS: Intracellular HSP72 expression and cellular apoptosis increased significantly from baseline following in vitro heat shock. In vitro heat shock 1-week post exposure produced a significant increase in the number of CD14+ monocytes expressing intracellular HSP72 (0.41 ± 0.04 ×109 cells) compared to the baseline heat shocked sample (0.32 ± 0.05 ×109 cells). Furthermore, the significant increase in HSP positive monocytes was accompanied by a significant decrease in cellular apoptosis 1-week post exposure (16.9 ± 2.45 vs. 23.85 ± 3.34%). CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that a single bout of heat stress may confer cytoprotection against heat-induced apoptosis via increased HSP72 expression up to 1-week post trial. These results have implications for experimental designs involving repeated heat exposures, given that longer than one week between trials may be necessary to return to the initial baseline state. Supported by a DRDC Technology Investment Fund.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".