Effect of Biosorption Parameters Kinetics Isotherm and Thermodynamics for Acid Green Dye Biosorption from Aqueous Solution by Brewery Waste
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Biosorption of Acid Green (AG 25) was investigated using Spent Brewery Grains (SBG) a brewing industry waste in abatch system with respect to initial pH, temperature, initial dye concentration, biosorbent dosage, and contact time. Thebiomass exhibited the highest dye uptake capacity at 303 K, initial pH value of 3, the initial dye concentration of90mg/L, biosorbent dosage of 0.2 g and contact time of 75 min. The extent of dye removal increased with increase intime, biosorbent dosage and decreased with increase in temperature. The equilibrium sorption capacity of the biomassincreased on increasing the initial dye concentration up to 90 mg/L and then started decreasing in the studiedconcentration up to 300 mg/L. The experimental result has shown that the acidic pH favours the biosorption. Langmuirand Freundlich adsorption model is used for the mathematical description of the biosorption equilibrium and isothermconstants are evaluated. Equilibrium data fitted very well to the Langmuir model. The pseudo first- and second-orderkinetic models were also applied to the experimental data. The results indicated that the dye uptake process followed thepseudo second-order rate expression and biosorption rate constants increased with increasing concentration.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".