Multi-H Shaped Macrocyclic Oligomers Consisting of Triphenylamine and Oligofluorene: Synthesis and Optoelectronic Properties
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Novel multi-H shaped macrocyclic oligomers ((TPAF 3 ) 3 and (TPAF 5 ) 3 ) were designed and synthesized for use as hole-transporting emitters in blue-light-emitting diodes (LEDs). In the produced macrocyclics, three triphenylamine units are connected in series to form a macrocyclic core through the C-9's of the central fluorene units of three surrounding oligofluorenes, which, like rigid rods, stick out of the ring plane in both sides. This specific structure renders the macrocyclics better photoluminescence (PL) stabilities and lower crystallization tendencies than polyfluorenes and excellent optoelectronic properties. The macrocyclics emit deep blue fluorescence with high efficiencies both in solutions and thin films (Φ pl-film = 57% for (TPAF 3 ) 3 and 52% for (TPAF 5 ) 3 ). (TPAF 5 ) 3 films are stable against both electrochemical oxidation and reduction, with CV curves remaining unchanged in 10 successive potential scans. High-efficiency blue-light-emitting diodes were fabricated using the macrocyclics as the hole-transporting emitting layer. The device structure used in this study is ITO/(TPAF 3 ) 3 or (TPAF 5 ) 3 )/TPBI//LiF/Al, where TPBI, 1,3,5-tris( N -phenylbenzimidazol-2-yl) benzene, is a morphologically stable material functioning as a hole-blocking/electron-transporting layer. The (TPAF 5 ) 3 -based devices displayed a low turn-on voltage of 4 V and a maximum luminance of 1716 cd/m 2 at a voltage of 14.1 V; the (TPAF 3 ) 3 -based devices gave 901 cd/m 2 at 13.0 V. The maximum luminous efficiencies of the (TPAF 3 ) 3 - and (TPAF 5 ) 3 -based devices reached 0.63 cd/A at 187 cd/m 2 and 0.93 cd/A at 340 cd/m 2, respectively.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".