Cerebrospinal fluid outflow resistance in sheep: impact of blocking cerebrospinal fluid transport through the cribriform plate
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Recent studies in sheep suggest that a significant proportion of global cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage (50% or greater) occurs through the cribriform plate into nasal mucosal lymphatics. If this is true, obstructing CSF clearance through the cribriform plate should have an impact on the ability of the intracranial pressure regulating systems to compensate for volume infusions. To test this concept, bolus infusions of artificial CSF were administered into one lateral ventricle in sheep and the intracranial pressure monitored from the contralateral side. Peak intracranial pressures (ICP) were measured and CSF outflow resistances were calculated from the pressure patterns observed in response to bolus infusions administered before and after the cribriform plate was sealed in the same animal. To obstruct the cribriform plate, a portion of nasal bone was removed to expose the nasal mucosa. The olfactory mucosa, a portion of the nasal mucosa and all soft tissue on the extracranial surface of the cribriform plate were scraped away with a curette and the bone surface sealed with bone wax. Obstruction of CSF transport through the cribriform plate increased the peak ICP after infusion (P = 0.016) and augmented the time required for ICP to return to baseline. CSF outflow resistance was elevated approximately 2.7 times (P = 0.006). When the cribriform plate was left intact (sham surgery), no significant changes in peak ICP or CSF outflow resistance were observed. We conclude that the cribriform plate represents an important site for CSF clearance. Obstruction of this pathway reduces volumetric CSF transport significantly.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".