Health promotion and health education: Theory and practice
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Since health promotion and health education are developing concepts around the world, the purpose of this paper was to compare theory and practice, at certain point in time in various countries. METHODS: Data were collected using the structured direct interview. We approached 16 participants at the XVI World Conference on Health Promotion and Education. The responses of 11 participants were analyzed. RESULTS: Health promotion is a separate profession in 4 out of 11 countries. Physicians are responsible for health promotion and education in all 11 countries. School was identified as a health promotion setting in all 11 countries, while community and hospital in 10. The Ottawa Charter (1986) guided the definition of health promotion for all participants, while 7 participants defined health promotion and health education differently. CONCLUSION: Unified definition of terms may allow similar practice at the international level; comprehensive approach to health includes all aspects of health, determinants, settings and practitioners; there occurs the need for health education as a separate profession globally.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.006 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".