Hearing Thresholds and Tympanic Membrane Sequelae in Children Managed Medically or Surgically for Otitis Media With Effusion
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To determine the long-term effects of ventilation tube insertion on hearing thresholds and tympanic membrane pathologic abnormalities in children with otitis media with effusion. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Tertiary care children's hospital, otorhinolaryngology and audiology service. PARTICIPANTS: Patients aged 8 to 16 years who participated in a randomized controlled trial of medical vs surgical (ventilation tube [VT]) treatment for recurrent otitis media with effusion at ages 2.5 to 7 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Hearing thresholds and tympanic membrane sequelae. METHODS: One hundred thirteen of 125 children who had participated in the trial underwent blinded audiometric, tympanometric, otomicroscopic, and parental questionnaire evaluation 6 to 10 years following the trial. Thirty of 57 [corrected] medical subjects received ventilation tubes and 18 of 56 [corrected] VT subjects received more than 1 set of tubes. To evaluate sequelae risk associated with ventilation tubes independent of disease severity, we compared 27 medical subjects who never received ventilation tubes and 38 subjects randomized to VT who only received 1 set of tubes. RESULTS: Tympanic membrane pathologic abnormalities were present in 81% of VT subjects and 19% of medical subjects (relative risk, 4.4; 95% confidence interval, 2.2-9.9). Hearing thresholds were 2.1 to 8.1 dB higher in subjects treated with tubes (P = .005). CONCLUSIONS: In children who were candidates for ventilation tube insertion randomly assigned to receive medical or VT treatment for otitis media with effusion, elevated hearing thresholds and tympanic membrane pathologic abnormalities were more common in VT subjects 6 to 10 years after insertion.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".