The volatilities and conductivities of ionic liquids — GC–MS methodology and preliminary studies of acetic acid – base systems
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Gas chromatography – mass spectrometry studies of the headspaces above the binary systems pyridine (bp 115 °C) – acetic acid (bp 116 °C), 1-methylimidazole (bp 198 °C) – acetic acid, and triethylamine (bp 89 °C) – acetic acid show both components in the first case, acetic acid only in the second, and triethylamine only in the third. Negative deviations from Raoult's law are confirmed and proton transfer is evidenced by the downfield shift of the acidic proton as the addition of base proceeds. Specific conductances >2 mS cm–1 are found over wide composition ranges for all three systems with values >8 mS cm–1 at high (>2) mole ratios of acetic acid, suggesting the formation of acetatohydrogenate ionic liquids.Key words: GC–MS, air, vapor pressure, conductivity, ionic liquids, acetic acid.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".