Particle Engineering Strategies via Crystallization for Pulmonary Drug Delivery
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This review covers recent developments in the area of particle engineering via crystallization for pulmonary drug delivery. The past decade has witnessed a shift from empirical formulation efforts to an engineering approach based on a better understanding of the crystallization process. Microcrystals with nanoscale substructures can now be designed and their functionality has contributed significantly to the stability and efficacy of the particulate dosage form. This review provides concepts and a theoretical framework for particle design calculations. It reviews experimental research to identify variables that influence particle formation. It offers an explanation of how excipient properties in combination with process variables influence the morphology of the engineered particles. A wide range of pharmaceutical applications of large porous particles, particles with low surface energy, and particle aggregates, is discussed, with specific emphasis on the underlying crystal formation mechanism and design concepts.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it