Re-Completion Techniques on Shallow Gas Wells Using Coiled Tubing Conveyed Fracturing
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Hundreds of depleted shallow gas wells in the Saco, Montana area of the Northwestern United States have been found to have bypassed pay that until recently was believed uneconomical to recover. Wells in the area were traditionally completed with one production zone and were fractured by conventional means down the casing. The pay zones were then efficiently depleted through the use of siphon strings and flow line compression. Upon review of the well logs, it was determined there may be enough bypassed pay within the existing wellbore to continue producing the well as a multi-zone completion. This paper outlines the logistics, execution, and evaluation of coiled tubing conveyed fracturing for depleted gas wells. Formations that were stimulated in this study appear to have similar characteristics to the thin producing lenses typically treated in Southeastern Alberta, Canada. The majority of the wells treated received up to six fractures and averaged 100,000 lbs of sand placed into each wellbore. The challenges and results from an initial pilot project are reviewed along with the subsequent multi-well project that followed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".