Diffusion of oxygen through a pulp and paper residue barrier
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Acid mine drainage can be curbed or reduced significantly by covering tailings sites with an oxygen barrier. In this study, the ability of pulp and paper residues, more specifically deinking residues, to function as such a barrier was investigated. Field data from two sites show that O 2 diffusion through the barriers can be greatly reduced. To better understand how oxygen migrates through deinking residues and to develop prediction tools for future design with deinking residues, one-dimensional effective diffusion coefficients (D e ) were determined by fitting laboratory experimental curves (O 2 concentration versus time data) to curves obtained from computer simulations. The results obtained confirmed the behaviour observed in soil covers: the effective diffusion coefficients are highly dependent on the degree of saturation (Sr) of the compacted material. The D e values obtained in this study compare well with those published in the literature for several materials compacted at similar Sr. The D e values varied from 8.3 × 10 -9 m 2 /s (Sr approximately 91%) to 9.7 × 10 -7 m 2 /s (Sr approximately 76%). The O 2 consumption by biodegradation appears to be an important factor in the reduction of the O 2 flux that can reach the bottom of the barrier.Key words: oxygen diffusion, pulp and paper residues, barrier, acid mine drainage.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.021 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".