Acoustic features of upper necaxa totonac ejective fricatives
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the acoustic properties of a class of sounds known as ejective fricatives in Upper Necaxa Totonac (UNT), a Totonac-Tepehua language of northern Puebla, Mexico, and to relate these sounds to those in other languages. Ejective fricatives are an exceedingly rare class of sounds found in only a relatively small number of the world's languages. This study attempts to clarify the nature of the acoustic signal of these sounds in UNT, whose historical origins have been reconstructed as former fricative plus glottal stop clusters [Beck, 2006, Univ. of Alberta Working Papers, 1], use the acoustic data to verify whether these segments are in fact canonical ejectives and propose future directions for further research. Analyses of the segments in question include duration and center of gravity of the fricative portions, presence or absence of any periods of silence surrounding the segments, durations of such silences, and effects on pitch, amplitude, duration, and formants of neighboring vowels. Due to the variable nature of the realization of laryngeal phonemes in UNT, pitch, amplitude, and voice quality of both preceding and following vowels were analyzed as well.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".