Degrees of freedom of MIMO cellular networks: Two-cell three-user-per-cell case
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this paper we investigate the spatially-normalized degrees of freedom (sDoF) of 2-cell, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) cellular networks with three users per cell having M antennas at each user and N antennas at each base-station. We characterize the optimal sDoF/user for all values of M and N and show that the optimal sDoF is a piecewise linear function, with either M or N being the bottleneck. We assume all channels to be generic, and establish achievability through linear transmit beamforming strategies. We introduce the notion of packing ratio that describes the interference footprint or shadow cast by a set of transmit beamformers. Through this notion, we reinterpret the alternating behavior of the optimal sDoF and attribute it to the availability of sets of transmit beamformers with certain packing ratios. We also derive a new DoF outer bound when 5 over 9 ≤ M over N ≤ 3 over 4.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".