Bibliographic record
Abstract
Evolutionary models for stars of 1.85, 1.89, 1.97, 2.12, and 2.24 M ☉ are calculated, taking all effects of atomic diffusion into account. The stars of 1.97 and 2.24 M ☉ are shown to reproduce the position in the H-R diagram of the two components of o Leonis at an age of 706 Myr. o Leo A is at T eff ~ 6100 K, much cooler than most known Am stars. The abundance anomalies predicted for this star are also in agreement with observations. It is rapidly evolving toward the giant branch but was caught just before mixing wiped out its abundance anomalies. The model is the same as that used by Richer and coworkers for AmFm stars, and no adjustment of parameters was made for the calculations presented here. The anomalies observed on o Leo are a strong argument in favor of that model for AmFm stars. The earlier model considered for Am stars implied anomalies over a much smaller fraction of the mass of Am stars and appears excluded by the anomalies observed on o Leo A.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.010 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".