Altered Habituation in the Auditory Cortex in a Subgroup of Depressed Patients by Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The aim of this study was to measure and quantify habituation effects to auditory stimulation within the auditory cortex of 11 depressed patients with major depressive disorder compared to 11 healthy subjects. Habituation was visualized by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) employing a block design (repeated stimulation with sine tones). A subgroup of patients (n = 5) presented the following abnormal habituation fMRI pattern: significantly lower activation after the first stimulation block (p = 0.05), missing characteristic signal decay to repeated acoustic stimulation and a marked undershoot after each stimulation block. This abnormal pattern may indicate functional deficits in auditory processing occurring with depression, but our results need be confirmed in a larger, more homogeneous patient group. This paradigm may be a useful tool for assessing cortical dysfunction in mood disorders.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".