Implication of nitric oxide (no) in vascular and metabolic effects of insulin
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to characterize the involvement of the endothelial factor NO in the regional vascular responses and glucoregulatory actions of insulin in conscious, unrestrained Sprague Dawley rats. Male rats were chronically instrumented with pulsed Doppler flow probes implanted around specific arteries, followed 1 week later by the insertion of intravascular catheters. Three days later the experiments were carried out in overnight-fasted rats receiving i.v. infusion of L-NAME (50 μg/kg/min), Bosentan + L-NAME (0.08 and 50 μg/kg/min, respectively), or vehicle (0.9% saline). One hour after the beginning of the infusions, a euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp was started by infusing insulin at a constant rate (32 mU/kg/min). Insulin sensitivity and regional hemodynamic responses to insulin were measured during the clamp. A dose of 2-[3H]deoxy-D-glucose (250 μCi/kg) was injected at the end of each clamp for determination of in vivo insulin-mediated glucose uptake in different tissues. We found that infusion of L-NAME caused significant increases in mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate, and falls in renal, superior mesenteric and hinquarter vascular conductances. Bosentan was found to markedly reduce the bradycardic and the renal and superior mesenteric vasoconstrictor effects of L-NAME. Euglycemic infusion of insulin in the control group caused vasodilations in renal and hindquarter vascular beds, while in the L-NAME group the same infusion of insulin had no vasodilator effects, but caused slight and persistant pressor and hindquarter vasoconstrictor responses. In the Bosentan + L-NAME group, insulin was found to produce a significant renal vasodilation. This response was not different from that seen in the control group. Moreover, there was a significant pressor response accompanied by a vasoconstrictor effect in the hindquarter vascular bed. These effects were not different from those observed in the L-NAME group. A marked reduction in insulin sensitivity was also noted in the groups of rats treated with L-NAME alone or L-NAME + Bosentan. Furthermore, a reduction in insulin-mediated glucose uptake was observed in quadricep and brown adipose tissue isolated from the L-NAME group. Together these results confirm the involvement of NO in the vascular responses to insulin and suggest its implication in the glucoregulatory action of the hormone.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".