Effects of extrusion of flaxseed on ruminal and postruminal nutrient digestibilities
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A study was conducted to determine the effects of extrusion on ruminal, post-ruminal and whole tract digestibility of flaxseed. Extrusion was performed at 155 degrees C with a residence time of 43 s. Two non-lactating Holstein cows fitted with ruminal and duodenal cannulas were used in a randomized complete block design. Results showed that extruded flaxseed had higher (P < 0.05) in situ soluble and lower (P < 0.05) slowly degradable DM and CP fractions than unheated flaxseed. Extrusion increased (P < 0.05) ruminal DM and CP degradability of flaxseed by 7 and 13%, respectively. Ruminal undegraded DM, CP and NDF were all lower (P < 0.05) for extruded flaxseed than for unheated flaxseed. Extrusion increased (P < 0.05) ruminal degradability and reduced (P < 0.05) post-ruminal availability of most amino acids of flaxseed. Whole tract digestibility of DM, CP, NDF and amino acids were higher (P < 0.05) for extruded than for unheated flaxseed. It was concluded that extrusion under the conditions used in the present experiment increases ruminal and whole tract nutrient degradabilities of flaxseed and therefore was ineffective in increasing the post-ruminal supply of amino acids from flaxseed.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it