Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate by Silica Gel Supported Copper Bromide/Multidentate Amine
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A silica gel support system for the copper bromide−hexamethyltriethylenetetramine (HMTETA) complex was successfully developed for the atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of methyl methacrylate (MMA) in toluene. The supported complex mediated a living polymerization of MMA, yielding polymers with controlled molecular weights and narrow molecular weight distributions. The MMA concentration had significant influence on the polymerization behavior. At 33% MMA concentration, the polymerization catalyzed by CuBr−HMTETA/silica gel followed typical first-order kinetics with respect to the monomer. But at 50% MMA, the polymerization significantly deviated from the first-order kinetics after the MMA conversion reached 30%. The supported catalysts were recycled for second and third uses. The recycled catalysts remained 80% active in the second use and 50% in the third use relative to their initial activity. The recycled catalysts had even better controllability over the polymerization. The molecular weights of PMMA produced agreed with the predicted values, and the polydispersities were less than 1.2.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".