Potato plant and tuber infection and soil colonization by<i>Verticillium tricorpus</i>and<i>Verticillium albo-atrum</i>"group 2"
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Verticillium wilt of potato (Solanum tuberosum) is a vascular disease that causes reduced tuber yields and diseased seed tubers. Several species of Verticillium are associated with the disease complex. To better understand the role of Verticillium tricorpus and Verticillium albo-atrum "group 2" in the verticillium-wilt complex, the occurrence and population levels of these two fungi species were studied in the potato host. In field and greenhouse experiments, potato plants were wound inoculated through the soil with a suspension of 12 × 106 spores/mL of V. tricorpus or V. albo-atrum group 2. Destructive sampling were performed on five dates, during which plants were separated into six parts: roots; lower, middle, and upper stem; and the stem-end and eye-end of the tuber. Soil samples were also collected. DNA extractions were performed, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques were used, with species-specific primers, to determine the population levels of each of the two pathogens, relative to a series of standards of known concentrations for the respective pathogens. Results showed that V. tricorpus and V. albo-atrum group 2 infected and colonized all parts of actively growing potato plants and tubers, even though visually assessed foliar-wilt incidences were 0%. In addition, relative population levels within each of the two species were low to moderate in the plant stems but high in the soil's rhizosphere. Our results demonstrate that these two species are associated with the verticillium-wilt complex, but they do not appear to be aggressive pathogens.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".