New Faint Variable Stars in the Outer Regions of the Metal-rich Globular Cluster M71
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Sixteen photometric variable stars with mean V magnitudes between 15.2 and 20.3 have been discovered in a 16 7 × 16 7 field centered on the metal-rich globular cluster M71. The identifications are the result of a systematic time-series CCD imaging survey of the cluster using the Dominion Astrophysical Observatory 1.8 m telescope. Light curves and finding charts are presented for the newly identified stars (eight of which are definite variables, three probable, and five possible). These 16 stars, when combined with the seven faint variable stars discovered recently by Hodder et al. and Yan & Mateo, bring to 23 the number of faint variables now known in M71. The variable stars are of two basic types: W UMa– or Algol-like eclipsing binaries and SX Phoenicis radially pulsating variable blue straggler stars. Additional photometry is required to confirm the nature of the variability of several of the stars.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".