Water-column concentrations and partitioning of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in the New York/New Jersey Harbor, USA
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Despite the emerging concern regarding polybrominated diphenyl ethers (BDEs), very few measurements of BDE concentrations in ambient water have been published. In the present study, BDEs were measured in water samples from the New York/New Jersey Harbor (USA). Samples were taken in Raritan Bay west of Sandy Hook during four intensive sampling campaigns in 2000 and 2001. Congeners 17, 47, 99, 100, 153, 154, 183, and 209 were detected. Total BDE (SigmaBDE) concentrations (average +/- standard deviation) were 175 +/- 75 ng/g in the particle phase and 110 +/- 72 pg/L in the apparent dissolved phase. The deca-congener, BDE 209, constituted 85 and 9% of SigmaBDEs in the particle and apparent dissolved phases, respectively. The SigmaBDE levels are significantly higher than those measured in Lake Ontario, USA, and in The Netherlands, but they are similar to concentrations measured in Lake Michigan and San Francisco Bay (both USA). Calculated values of the organic carbon-water partition coefficient (K(OC)) were strongly correlated with literature values of the octanol-water partition coefficient (K(OW)). The data suggest that sorption of BDEs to colloids is important in this system, although quantifying the extent of colloid sorption is difficult.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".