PHYSICAL ACTIVITY DOES NOT EFFECT FAT DEVELOPMENT IN CHILDREN DURING THE PUBERTAL YEARS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Research suggests that children who engage in regular sport training have less fat mass than those who are not regularly active. The relationship between activity levels and fat development is confounded by maturational affects. It is not clear whether regular activity leads to the development of less fat during the pubertal years. PURPOSE: To examine fat development in physically active, average, and inactive boys (11–17 yrs) and girls (10–16 yrs) while controlling for maturation. METHODS: Boys (n = 70) and girls (n = 68) from the Saskatchewan Pediatric Bone Mineral Accrual Study (SPBMAS) provided data for this analysis. The SPBMAS (1991–1997) was a mixed-longitudinal investigation in which annual measurements of total body fat (kg) (TBF) were made by DXA scans (Hologic 2000 QDR array mode analyzed with software version 5.67A). Height (cm) and body mass (kg) were measured and percent fat of total body weight (%fat) was calculated. Age of peak height velocity (PHV) was determined for each individual and maturity age (yrs) was calculated by subtracting the chronological age at the time of measurement from the age at PHV. Physical activity (PA) was measured three times per year using the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children (PAQ-C). Subjects were divided into activity groups using rank order analyses in which the top 25%, middle 50%, and bottom 25% were considered active, average, and inactive respectively. RESULTS: In boys two years prior to PHV no significant differences were found in either TBF or %fat between the activity groups (p > 0.05), with the following values: active TBF 10.6 ± 5.7 kg or 22.5 ± 8.7%; average TBF 10.6 ± 5.5 kg or 24.4 ± 9.0%; inactive TBF 8.6 ± 5.4 kg or 21.3 ± 9.8%. Girls also showed no significant differences (p > 0.05) two years prior PHV in either TBF or %fat between PA groups. In boys at PHV and 2 years post PHV no significant differences were found between the PA groups in either measure of fatness. This pattern was repeated in girls. The values in girls 2 years post PHV were: active TBF 14.7 ± 7.7 kg or 26.4 ± 8.0%; average TBF 16.4 ± 7.1 kg or 28.9 ± 7.5%; inactive TBF 15.3 ± 6.1 kg or 29.9 ± 7.5%. CONCLUSIONS: Physical activity did not influence the development of body fat when maturity was controlled. supported by the National Health Research and Development Program.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".